The former player: 'I really hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This article includes descriptions of racially offensive comments and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racism in rugby union led his career to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I hoped to carry on playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough evidence to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in February 2014.
"I've had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the implementation of an strategy for the professional game."
"The organization has placed significant focus on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work completed both before and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has face-to-face training on building welcoming environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England players, including age-grade squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your career, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away shortly after the filming of the film, and his sister died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more accessible.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with children in under-served communities and help them succeed on and off the pitch with free sports training, guidance and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the sport more appealing and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022